Tuesday 26 May 2020

Buddhist sutras for copying.

Chinese Buddhists, copying Buddhist texts and images is an act of merit. A Chinese source, enumerates the various [meta]physical benefits of doing so:
[...]

Such an injunction does not specify the mode of reproduction. The above text is inserted into printed editions of Buddhist works. However, it seems the act of copying the Sutras by hand is gaining popularity. Publishers of Buddhist books have thus published editions to facilitate this act of devotion.  They are called "手抄本" -- Edition [for] manuscript 


The Left-hand page above is the start of Infinite Life Sutra You will notice the text is printed in grey ink, but the frames and borders are printed in black. The devotee is supposed to fill in the characters with a black or blue pen, thereby copying the sutra, and in doing so gaining good Karma.  

Below is the previous two pages of the book, which shows the process. Two lines on the right are filled in, the rest are yet to be completed by the devotee.

Note: The texts on these two pages are not the Infinite Life Sutra proper, but two short invocations, 
"Praise for the incense burner" and "Praise for the Lotus Pool". These are often found before buddhist texts...

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These sutras reveal rather curious features of the written word in Chinese religion. In a certain sense, the Devotee's participation in the text is redundant--The text of the sutras as printed is not illegible, and can be read as-is.  However, because the letters are grey, the book is implicitly incomplete. By filling in the letters, the devotee completes the text by making its characters more manifest. This is a more interactive experience.

 The text becomes a platform for, and an aid to performance of piety. Meetings with persons educated in the traditional Chinese way also speak of the virtues of copying, as an aid to memorization-- another plus point.

In Sutras especially, aids would be appreciated. Sutras contain many obscure and complex Chinese characters. Persons with ordinary penmanship skills might be intimidated by unaided copying. They may write it inelegantly, or forget how to do so entirely. The copyist also risks errors -- The book is 140 pages long. Such errors would surely generate bad karma, defeating the end of the believer. Better the security of a printed guide, and the merit of a manuscript act.

In some cases, the devotee's handiwork is an end to itself. The Chinese subtitle to this book is the 手抄本 Shou Chao ben-- Taken literally, it is "edition for copying".  However, these three characters in another context imply a Manuscript-- a text produced individually. Such texts have a layer of verisimilitude that a printed edition would lack, something the devotees would doubtless appreciate. That the edition is printed in Traditional Chinese Characters, adding another layer of uniqueness.

Likewise,  Chinese websites sell pieces of colored paper with the characters of the Sutra printed in pale ink. The devotee is intended to fill them in with gold ink. The resulting productions are extremely pleasing.
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These sutras have a rather unusual role. As of mid-2019, the sales of Buddhist books seem to have been banned on major Chinese online retailers like Taobao. Previously Sutras, both Taoist and Buddhist could be procured with great ease on that website-- even the products of the celebrated Jinling Buddhist Press in Nanjing. However, by June of 2019, all these were gone. Instead, the only Sutras available were ones that were printed like the one you see above-- with the characters printed out in gray ink. Evidently these were not religious books, but rather devotional aids-- which were still permitted to be sold. But only time will tell when this loophole would close again. 


Tuesday 21 April 2020

A modern view of Buddhism

This is the third of the series of Buddhist tracts I picked up in Singapore. It is

A modern view of Buddhism
By
Bhikshu Sangharakshita 
Published by 
Buddhist Research Society
Singapore. 

This particular tract was in a fairly delicate state.  This is part of a series of 10 books published by the Buddhist research Society of Singapore, one of which has been previously featured in this blog. In the list of books, this title occupies the 2nd place. 





















Sunday 29 March 2020

Chinese Novels

Below are the covers of two Chinese novels.

The one on the left is entitled 唐山猛虎: Tangshan Menghu-- The fierce tiger of tangshan. The one on the right is entitled 鷹爪聖手:  Yingzhua shengshou: The eagle-clawed miraculous hand.

Both have an identical subtitle 武俠技擊小説 Wuxia Zhiji xiaoshuo: "A Novel of martial heroes, and fighting".  They make reference to the genre of novels called Wuxia in Chinese.

Both these novels are written by a pen-name of 我是唐人:Woshi tangren I am a man of Tang.
Tang, in this instance refers to one of the names of the Chinese People. . In Hokkien/ Taiwanese, the Chinese still refer to themselves by this name.  ( Tn̂g-lâng)

Saturday 29 February 2020

The Buddhist Attitude to War and peace

 Some months ago in Singapore, I picked up a bundle of Buddhist tracts. Here is another tract. It is entitled

The Buddhist Attitude to War and peace 
By
Senarth Wijayasundara, M.A.

The book was published by the Buddhist Research Society of Singapore. Like the previous book in the series, the reverse of the title page tells us who sponsored the printing/donated the book. The Donor in this case was Miss Chan Yin Leng. 

The cover page 

Donor page and acknowledgments

P. 1

p2-3

P. 4-5

P. 6-7

P. 8-9

p.10-11

p 12-13

p. 14-15

p 16-17

p. 19 
This book is evidently one of a set of 10 publications. 
The books are: 
  1. Meditation by Ven. Dr. M. Vajirana Thera
  2. The Buddha - His Life and Teachings bu Ven. Piyadassi Thera
  3. A Modern View On Buddhism by Bhikshu Sangharakshita (will be featured subsequently) 
  4. Facts of Life by Narada Thera
  5. Health through Buddhism by Dr M. Vajirana Thero
  6. Peace through Buddhism by  Dr. M. Vajirana Thera
  7. Guide through Visuddhi Magga (A study on the path of purification) by Dr. U. Dhammaratna
  8. Buddhist Attitude to War and peace by Senarth Wijayasundara, M.A.
  9. An introduction to Buddhism by Dr. H. Saddhatissa
  10. One Vehicle for Peace
If any knowledgeable readers may locate online copies of any of the above works, the author will be most grateful. 


The Wisdom Book Centre of Singapore does not seem to have an online presence. 

Wednesday 1 January 2020

An outline of Buddhism and the meaning of worship

Some months ago, I chanced upon a pile of rather old and crumbling Buddhist pamphlets published in the late 20th century. I have scanned them in their entirety, and will be slowly uploading them on the blog. This first book is the Buddhist Missionary Society Publications'  An outline of Buddhism and the meaning of worship. 

This short pamphlet is actually two books in one. The first is "An outline of Buddhism", which is... an outline of Buddhism. It is anonymous, as far as I can tell.  The second is "The meaning of worship". It is written by Dr. Narada Malalasekera. It is a short description of Buddhist religious practices. Each of these works is is separately paginated, even though they are printed in the same book.
***
Some context: In Asia, copying and distributing Buddhist books is a way one can attain good karma. Some texts give detailed descriptions of the benefits, like
-  Protection from evil spirits and unpleasant creatures,
- Extirpation of bad Karma,
- Good health,
- General good luck
- Rebirth into better realms
(For more, see https://purelandbuddhism.info/ten-rewards-from-printing-buddhist-sutras-and-making-buddha-images/)

This last consideration doubtless was on the minds of the friends and relations of Mr Chin Ah Loong.
The book tells us that this volume was printed in his memory.We know at least some of these people. Their names are printed beneath his picture. They are Mr & Ms. Tan Tiek Beng and family.

The author hopes, by showing scans of the book here would  fulfill the intent with which the Tan family, and all the other donors and authors of the book placed the book out into the world-- For the universal education of humanity, at no cost.


*** *** *** 


The inside of the cover page. The start of An outline of Buddhism. The stamp over Mr. Chin's portrait is of Evergreen Buddhist Center. It still exists in singapore, and its website is  https://www.evergreenbuddhist.com/  For the Chinese version, see https://www.evergreenbuddhist.com/zh

OOB 2-3

OOB 4-5

OOB 6-7

OOB 8-9

OOB 10-11

OOB 12-13

OOB 14, and the first Donor page

The second Donor page, and Dr. Narada Malalasekera's The meaning of Worship begins here. 

MoW 2-3

MOW 4-5

MOW 6-7

MoW 8, plus a list of books

The Buddhist Missionary Society of Malaysia is still going on strong. Here is their website: https://bmsm.org.my/  Issues of The Voice of Buddhism mentioned can be found Here: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0BxNRdXXc_II_MGF4N0JLU0Rzd2c . It was still published as of 2018.